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Problem-Solving and Data Analysis / Ratios, rates, proportional relationships, and units Difficulty: Easy

x	y
1	4
3	12
5	20
40	k

In the table above, the ratio of y to x for each ordered pair is constant. What is the value of k ?

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Explanation

Choice D is correct. Since the ratio of y to x is constant for each ordered pair in the table, the first row can be used to determine that the ratio of y to x is 4 to 1. The proportion $4 over 1, equals k over 40$ can be used to solve for k. Multiplying each side of the equation by 40 yields $160 equals k$ .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of y when the value of x is 7, not 40. Choice B is incorrect and may result from subtracting 4 from 40 instead of multiplying 40 by 4. Choice C is incorrect and may result from incorrectly setting up the proportion.